Frangula californica

(Eschsch.) A.Gray (1849)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Rhamnaceae Genus: Frangula

california buckthorn, coffeeberry

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect or spreading shrubs 1–4 m tall, bark of young growth brown to reddish brown, yellowish green tomentose to glabrous.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblong to elliptic, 3–9 cm long, 1.5–3.2 cm wide. Upper surfaces glabrous or with a few hairs along midrib; lower surfaces glabrous to tomentose, dull or glossy. Margins entire to serrulate and ± slightly revolute. Pinnately veined. Petioles 0.7–1.3 cm long. Stipules small, deciduous.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences umbels, pedunculate, 5–60-flowered. peduncles 4–18 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), pedicels 10–20 mm. Calyx of 4–5 sepals; sepals 1–1.3 mm long, deltate, arising as lobes on floral tube, valvate in bud. Corolla of 0 or 4–5, ca. 0.7–0.8 mm long or sometimes absent. Stamens 4–5, opposite the petals; filaments distinct, adnate to base of petals. Ovary partly inferior, 2–4-celled; ovules 1 per cell, basal and erect, anatropous; style usually undivided.

Fruit: Fruit green; black; or red at maturity; T–9 mm long; usually with 2 stones. Seeds obovoid to lenticular; with cartilaginous beak protruding through opening in stone; not furrowed.

Ploidy: 2n = 24

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Accepted Subtaxa (in Hawai'i) (1)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Birds

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Specimens

Bibliography

Name Published In: Gen. Amer. Bor. 2: 178 (1849)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Frangula californica (Eschsch.) A.Gray hamakua dist.; pohakuloa training area, along saddle road Between the 30 & 45 mile markers & within 60' of road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN funk, e.j. collector number: pta 06 Hawaii BISH 12/13/1990
2 Frangula californica (Eschsch.) A.Gray hamakua district, pohakuloa training area across saddle rd. from mauna kea state. recreational area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 9717 Hawaii BISH 5/12/1995
3 Frangula californica (Eschsch.) A.Gray behind pohakuloa state park Naturalized in cinder soil. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 4222 Hawaii BISH 8/12/2005
4 Frangula californica (Eschsch.) A.Gray Behind Pohakuloa State Park Naturalized in cinder soil. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 4222 Hawaii BISH 8/12/2005
5 Frangula californica (Eschsch.) A.Gray Hamakua District, Pohakuloa Training Area across Saddle Rd. From Mauna Kea State. Recreational area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. Collector Number: 9717 Hawaii BISH 5/12/1995
6 Frangula californica (Eschsch.) A.Gray Hawaii Is., kilauea , Thurston lava tube PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. R. Herbst 9717 Hawaii HAPI 5/12/1995